General Perspective

The indigenous architecture of Iran is a distinct architectural genre characterized by the use of clay and mud-brick as the main building materials. It is also credited for the use of vaulted ceilings by the use of mud-bricks, clay,and baked brick. This genre of architecture is rooted to the Sumerian time (c. 5000 B.C.). Indigenous architecture of Iran has some noted characteristics or landmarks or features. Such features may be classified as: 1) filpoosh (seh-kondj) (English: squinch)...
More Description

The indigenous architecture of Iran is a distinct architectural genre characterized by the use of clay and mud-brick as the main building materials. It is also credited for the use of vaulted ceilings by the use of mud-bricks, clay,and baked brick. This genre of architecture is rooted to the Sumerian time (c. 5000 B.C.). Indigenous architecture of Iran has some noted characteristics or landmarks or features. Such features may be classified as: 1) filpoosh (seh-kondj) (English: squinch) for the circular-based dome executed atop four square walls; 2) majmoo'ah (a complex, a group, or a set; a group of public buildings such as a mosque, a theological school, a tea-house, a baazaar, and a ground water reservoir in one section of a city within a short walking distance near to each other); 3)traditional houses with traditional wooden doors; 4) koochehe (a narrow alleyway) and clay buttress (kheshti saabaat); 5) baadgeir ( a wind-catching or an air-suction tower); 6) traditional tiles and tile-works;7) muqarnass decoration for a vault; 8) baazaar or the traditional shopping center; 9) caravansaries, as stopping lodges in the ancient silk road, for the caravans that were carrying goods and travelers from China to Syria and that were passing through Iran; 10) Castles of Iran; and 11) Palaces of Iran; and 12) art works including wall paintings in the palaces.From about mid-20th century, however, many features of the indigenous architecture of Iran have been abandoned or demolished to be replaced by modern and multi-story buildings.The present series seeks both to put on a record as well as to bring to the attention of viewers a pictorial introduction of the main features of the indigenous architecture of Iran as a unique architectural genre that is weathering a strong wave of modernization.Volume I of this series is a summary of main features of the indigenous architecture that have been elaborated in all other volumes. In addition, volume I's main focus is the invention of filpoosh (Englaish: Squinch) as the main contribution of Iranian architecture to the world's architectural heritages.